[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.basama.cz\/poustni-zvirata-a-jejich-adaptace-na-zivotni-podminky\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.basama.cz\/poustni-zvirata-a-jejich-adaptace-na-zivotni-podminky\/","headline":"Pou\u0161tn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata a jejich adaptace na \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky","name":"Pou\u0161tn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata a jejich adaptace na \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky","description":"\u010clov\u011bk dok\u00e1\u017ee bez vody p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt pouze n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed. \u010clov\u011bk tedy nedok\u00e1\u017ee . Tyto zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 druhy...","datePublished":"2023-05-07","dateModified":"2023-05-07","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.basama.cz\/author\/devene\/#Person","name":"devene","url":"https:\/\/www.basama.cz\/author\/devene\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0412c3dad30f33fa104fa4f87b3ce5af9aea5f3e20fa015d071a3573d325a5fc?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/0412c3dad30f33fa104fa4f87b3ce5af9aea5f3e20fa015d071a3573d325a5fc?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"basama.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.basama.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a299744_w2104_t1509648717.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.basama.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a299744_w2104_t1509648717.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.basama.cz\/poustni-zvirata-a-jejich-adaptace-na-zivotni-podminky\/","wordCount":367,"articleBody":" \u010clov\u011bk dok\u00e1\u017ee bez vody p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt pouze n\u011bkolik dn\u00ed. \u010clov\u011bk tedy nedok\u00e1\u017ee . Tyto zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 druhy zv\u00ed\u0159at se dok\u00e1zaly na nejsu\u0161\u0161\u00ed m\u00edsta planety adaptovat mnohem l\u00e9pe, ne\u017e lid\u00e9. V\u011bt\u0161ina pou\u0161tn\u00edch zv\u00ed\u0159at se adaptovala a nau\u010dila se, jak ze sv\u00e9ho okol\u00ed a r\u016fzn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f vyz\u00edskat i tu posledn\u00ed kapi\u010dku vody. Ale tak\u00e9 to, jak vodu ve sv\u00e9m t\u011ble co nejv\u00edce udr\u017eet. Velk\u00e1 skupina zv\u00ed\u0159at, kter\u00e1 \u017eij\u00ed na pou\u0161t\u00edch, se nau\u010dila, jak ztr\u00e1ty vody z t\u011bla, jako je t\u0159eba vylu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo pocen\u00ed, co nejv\u00edce sn\u00ed\u017eit na minimum. Tarb\u00edkomy\u0161 Nap\u0159\u00edklad v pou\u0161tn\u00edch oblastech Severn\u00ed Ameriky a Mexika \u017eije drobn\u00fd hlodavec tarb\u00edkomy\u0161. Tento \u017eivo\u010dich sb\u00edr\u00e1 semena a rostliny, ze kter\u00fdch potom \u017eije po v\u011bt\u0161inu roku. Semena, kter\u00e1 tarb\u00edkomy\u0161 sb\u00edr\u00e1, maj\u00ed vysok\u00fd obsah sacharidu, kter\u00fd tomuto \u017eivo\u010dichu dod\u00e1v\u00e1 energii a takzvanou metabolickou vodu, kter\u00e1 v t\u011ble hlodavce vznik\u00e1 biochemick\u00fdmi reakcemi. Je to podobn\u00e9, jako kdy\u017e si nap\u0159\u00edklad velbloudi ukl\u00e1daj\u00ed v hrbech ne vodu, ale tuk. Z ka\u017ed\u00e9ho gramu sp\u00e1len\u00e9ho tuku toti\u017e zv\u00ed\u0159e z\u00edsk\u00e1 1,12 mililitr\u016f vody. Mimoto to si tyto tarb\u00edkomy\u0161i vyvinuly dal\u0161\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak zabr\u00e1nit \u00faniku vody z jejich t\u011bla: \u00fc Nap\u0159\u00edklad jim zcela jim chyb\u00ed slinn\u00e9 \u017el\u00e1zy. \u00fc Maj\u00ed dlouh\u00fd a slo\u017eit\u00fd pr\u016fchod z plic k \u010dum\u00e1ku, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 za funkci, \u017ee vodn\u00ed p\u00e1ra, kter\u00e1 je obsa\u017eena v dechu hlodavce, cestou v pr\u016fchodu kondenzuje na sliznici, a takto voda z v\u00fddechu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v t\u011ble \u017eivo\u010dicha. \u00fc Vylu\u010duje jen minim\u00e1ln\u011b, a nav\u00edc je mo\u010d tarb\u00edkomy\u0161i ve form\u011b pasty. Ko\u010dka pou\u0161tn\u00ed V Severn\u00ed Africe a jihoz\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii \u017eije ko\u010dka pou\u0161tn\u00ed. Tento \u00fa\u017easn\u00fd tvor z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 ve\u0161kerou vodu, kterou pot\u0159ebuje, ze \u017er\u00e1dla. To znamen\u00e1 z drobn\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f, kter\u00fdmi se \u017eiv\u00ed, jako jsou: \u00fc hlodavci \u00fc plazi \u00fc pt\u00e1ci \u00fc a jin\u00e9 drobn\u00e9 tvory                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.4\/5 - (9 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Pou\u0161tn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ata a jejich adaptace na \u017eivotn\u00ed podm\u00ednky","item":"https:\/\/www.basama.cz\/poustni-zvirata-a-jejich-adaptace-na-zivotni-podminky\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]